An electric motor converts electrical energy into mechanical rotation. The principle of its operation is based on the interaction of magnetic fields. Let us explain how an electric motor works in simple words, without complex formulas.
The main principle
It is based on a simple fact: a conductor carrying current in a magnetic field experiences a force. If this interaction is organized correctly, a torque arises and the shaft begins to rotate.
The role of the stator and rotor
- The statorwith winding creates a rotating magnetic field when an alternating current of three phases passes through it.
- The rotor comes under the influence of this field: currents are induced in it, and it begins to rotate following field.
This is how a three-phase network causes the motor shaft to rotate without any contact between the stator and the rotor.
Why “asynchronous”
The rotor always rotates a little slower than the magnetic field. This difference is called slip. Without it, currents would not be induced in the rotor, and there would be no torque. In synchronous motors, the rotor rotates exactly at the speed of the field - but this is a different type of machine.
What turns into heat
Not all the energy goes into motion - some is lost as heat in the windings and steel. Therefore, the engine gets hot and needs cooling. Efficiency shows how much energy is useful. Read more in the material about engine characteristics.
Understanding the principle helps with diagnosis: most failures are associated with the winding, rotor or bearings. Do you need engine repair in Tashkent? Elektromotors engineers will help - leave a request.